Framing for Art Preservation: Protecting Your Cherished Pieces

Imagine owning a priceless piece of art, its colors vibrant, its texture captivating. Now imagine that same artwork, years later, faded, cracked, and ravaged by environmental damage. The truth is, the longevity of any artwork, regardless of its monetary value, is heavily influenced by how it’s framed and protected. Framing isn’t just about aesthetics; it’s a crucial aspect of art preservation. Let’s delve into the world of framing for art preservation, uncovering the best practices and materials to ensure your art endures for generations.

The Silent Threats to Your Art

Before diving into the specifics of framing, it’s important to understand the enemies your artwork faces daily. These silent threats can wreak havoc over time, diminishing both value and beauty.

• Light: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major culprit, causing fading, yellowing, and the breakdown of materials like paper and fabric.
• Humidity: Fluctuations in humidity levels can cause warping, mold growth, and cracking, especially in paper-based artworks.
• Temperature: Extreme temperature swings can also contribute to warping and cracking, as materials expand and contract.
• Pollutants: Airborne pollutants like dust, smoke, and acids can settle on the artwork, causing discoloration and deterioration.
• Pests: Insects and rodents can cause physical damage by eating or nesting in the artwork.
• Poor Materials: Using low-quality or acidic materials in framing can accelerate the deterioration process.

Understanding these threats is the first step in creating a protective framing environment.

The Essential Elements of Preservation Framing

Preservation framing goes beyond simply placing a piece in a frame. It involves carefully selecting materials and techniques that minimize the risks posed by the environmental factors mentioned above. Here are the key elements to consider:

1. UV-Protective Glazing

The glazing, or glass, is the first line of defense against harmful UV radiation [internal_link]. Standard glass offers very little UV protection, so it’s crucial to choose specialized options.

• UV-Filtering Acrylic: Acrylic is lighter and less prone to shattering than glass, making it a popular choice for larger artworks. High-quality acrylics can block up to 99% of UV radiation.
• UV-Filtering Glass: Conservation-grade glass offers excellent clarity and UV protection. It’s available in various forms, including non-reflective options.

When selecting glazing, consider the artwork’s size, weight, and fragility, as well as the desired level of UV protection.

2. Acid-Free Matting and Backing

Acidic materials are a major enemy of paper-based artworks. Over time, acids can migrate from the mat board and backing into the artwork, causing discoloration and embrittlement. It is essential to use only acid-free and lignin-free materials that feature a neutral pH.

• Acid-Free Mat Board: Choose mat boards made from 100% cotton rag or alpha-cellulose. These materials are naturally acid-free and will not harm the artwork.
• Acid-Free Backing Board: Use a rigid, acid-free board as a backing to provide support and protection. Options include archival-quality foam core or corrugated board.

Always ensure that all materials in direct contact with the artwork are acid-free.

3. Archival-Quality Mounting

How the artwork is attached within the frame is also crucial. Avoid using any adhesives that could damage the artwork.

• Linen Tape or Paper Hinges: These reversible methods allow the artwork to expand and contract with changes in humidity without tearing or distorting it.
• Corner Pockets: These provide a non-adhesive way to secure the artwork, especially for photographs.

Avoid direct mounting with permanent adhesives that will damage the artwork.

4. Spacers

Spacers are used to create a gap between the artwork and the glazing. This is important for several reasons:

• Preventing Condensation: The gap allows for air circulation, reducing the risk of condensation forming on the inside of the glazing, which can damage the artwork.
• Protecting Surface Texture: Spacers prevent the glazing from touching the artwork’s surface, protecting delicate textures like pastels or charcoal.

Spacers are especially important for works on paper or with textured surfaces.

5. Sealed Frame Package

A well-sealed frame package helps to protect the artwork from dust, pollutants, and insects.

• Backing Board Seal: Seal the edges of the backing board with archival-quality tape to prevent pollutants from entering the frame.
• Frame Seal: Ensure that the frame itself is tightly sealed to prevent the entry of dust and insects.

A sealed frame package creates a microclimate that helps to protect the artwork from environmental damage.

Choosing the Right Frame

The frame itself not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the artwork but also contributes to its preservation. Select frame materials that are stable and non-reactive.

• Wood Frames: Choose hardwoods like maple, cherry, or walnut, which are less likely to warp or off-gas harmful chemicals. Seal the wood with a non-reactive varnish or paint.
• Metal Frames: Aluminum frames are a good option as they are lightweight, strong, and resistant to corrosion.

Avoid frames made from particleboard or MDF, which can off-gas formaldehyde and other harmful chemicals.

Beyond the Frame: Environmental Considerations

Even with the best framing techniques, it’s important to consider the environment in which the artwork is displayed.

• Light Levels: Limit exposure to direct sunlight and use UV-filtering films on windows. Use low-UV or LED lighting instead of fluorescent or incandescent bulbs.
• Humidity Control: Maintain a stable humidity level of around 50% to prevent warping and cracking. Use a humidifier or dehumidifier as needed.
• Temperature Control: Avoid extreme temperature fluctuations. Keep the artwork away from heat sources like radiators or fireplaces.
• Air Quality: Regularly dust the artwork and the surrounding area to remove pollutants. Consider using an air purifier to improve air quality.

Proactive environmental control is essential for long-term art preservation.

Framing Specific Types of Art

The best framing techniques can vary depending on the type of artwork. Here are some considerations for specific media:

Paintings

Paintings on canvas are generally less susceptible to environmental damage than works on paper, but they still require protection.

• Stretcher Bars: Ensure that the stretcher bars are made of high-quality wood and are properly sized for the canvas.
• Varnishing: A protective varnish can help to shield the painting from UV radiation and pollutants.
• Backing Board: Consider adding a backing board to protect the back of the canvas from dust and damage.

For valuable paintings, consider consulting with a professional conservator.

Photographs

Photographs are particularly susceptible to fading and discoloration.

• Archival Printing: Use archival-quality inks and papers when printing photographs.
• UV-Protective Glazing: Essential for protecting photographs from fading.
• Acid-Free Materials: Use only acid-free matting and backing materials.

Consider storing original negatives and digital files in a safe, cool, and dry place.

Works on Paper

Watercolors, drawings, and prints are highly vulnerable to environmental damage.

• Hinging: Use proper hinging techniques to allow the paper to expand and contract freely.
• Spacers: Essential to prevent the glazing from touching the artwork’s surface.
• Encapsulation: For particularly fragile works, consider encapsulating the artwork in polyester film.

Handle works on paper with clean, dry hands to avoid transferring oils or dirt.

The Importance of Professional Framing

While it’s possible to frame artwork yourself, professional framers have the knowledge, experience, and equipment to ensure that the job is done correctly. A professional framer can advise you on the best materials and techniques for your specific artwork and can ensure that the framing is done to archival standards. They can also assess the condition of the artwork and recommend any necessary conservation treatments. Investing in professional framing is an investment in the long-term preservation of your art.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Preservation

Framing for art preservation is a multifaceted process that involves understanding the threats to your artwork, selecting the right materials, and employing proper techniques. By taking the time to frame your artwork properly, you can protect it from damage and ensure that it remains a source of enjoyment for generations to come. It’s more than just putting a piece behind glass and a frame; it is crafting a legacy of preservation, safeguarding cultural heritage, and appreciating the enduring power of art.